These devices are designed to limit overvoltages for the common telecommunication line of communication, computer and consumer products. Overvoltages are normally caused by a.c. power system or lightning flash disturbances which are induced or conducted on to the common products. A single device provides 2-point protection and is typically used for the protection of 2-wire telecommunication equipment (e.g. between the Ring and Tip wires for telephones and modems). Combinations of devices can be used for multi-point protection (e.g. 3-point protection between Ring, Tip and Ground).
The protector consists of a symmetrical voltage-triggered bi-directional sidac. Overvoltages are initially clipped by breakdown clamping until the voltage rises to the breakover level, which causes the devices to crowbar into a low-voltage on state. This low-voltage on state causes the current resulting from the overvoltage to be safely diverted through the device. The high crowbar holding current prevents d.c. latchup as the diverted current subsides. These protectors are guaranteed to voltage limit and withstand the listed lightning surges in both polarities.